General Definition: A practice technique that involves giving a speech a second time, usually after judge or team feedback, to improve persuasiveness, word economy, and strategy. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format: see general definition.
General Definition: The judge’s analysis of why they voted for the winning team. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format: see general definition.
General Definition: When a speaker both responds to arguments made against their own case and provides extension, or repetition, of key arguments made by their partner(s) in the previous speech(es). See also “Reconstruction“. Public Forum: Not a common phrase in PF, where “Frontlining” is used instead. World Schools Debate: see …
General Definition: The second speech in a debate round, used to refute an opponent’s arguments and rebuild one’s own. Responses to an opponent’s arguments are also referred to as “rebuttal” regardless of the speech where they appear. Public Forum: In PF, rebuttal speeches are four minutes long and should address …
General Definition: When a speaker responds to arguments made against their own case and/or extends their partners arguments with some new analysis or examples. See also “Rebuilding“. Public Forum: Not a common phrase in PF, where “Frontlining” is used instead. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general …
General Definition: Direct responses to an opponent’s argument. See also “Clash”. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format: see general definition.
General Definition: A question asked to make a point or get the audience thinking, rather than to get an answer. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format: see general definition.
General Definition: Speaker- and team-specific tasks that debaters must complete to give a competent speech. Depending on debate style and speaker position, these tasks can include making constructive arguments, refutation, or summarizing key areas of clash and weighing the debate. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general …
General Definition: Who or what is affected by an impact. Scope answers the question, “How many are affected?” Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format: see general definition.
General Definition: How damaging or harmful an impact is. Public Forum: Not a common phrase in PF, where “Magnitude” is used more often. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format: see general definition.
General Definition: The use of numbers and letters to organize arguments in the debate. During refutation, signposting also includes referencing your opponent’s arguments before addressing them (e.g. “My opponent’s first argument is _______, but we disagree for three reasons.”) Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. …
General Definition: The person, persons, or organization responsible for writing evidence used in debate. Source analysis includes discussion of their credibility, bias, and epistemology. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: In WSD, sources may only be used for prepared motions and should be used largely to provide examples …