General Definition: A form of nonverbal communication that involves looking at members of the audience while speaking. Good eye contact demonstrates that the speaker is confident and enthusiastic. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format: see general …
General Definition: The fourth speech in a PF debate round lasting two minutes, used to summarize key arguments and weigh the debate, explaining why one team should win over the other. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: Not used in WSD, where the final speech is called “Reply” instead. …
General Definition: A judge with significant experience in debate, either as a former debater or coach. These judges will typically vote based on a detailed “Flow” of the debate and default less on stylistic or argument preferences, although debaters should always ask a judge their preferences before a round (see …
General Definition: A method for taking notes during a debate to accurately record the most important arguments and points of clash. Typically, speeches are flowed side-by-side to track how an argument develops over the course of a debate. Also referred to as a game board. Public Forum: see general definition. …
General Definition: A “lens” by which the judge should view the round or priorize certain impacts over others. Typically, debaters default to a simple “Cost-Benefit Analysis” that compares the advantages and disadvantages of a position, but a more strategic framework will prioritize impacts that are easier for one side of …
General Definition: A form of nonverbal communication that uses one’s hands while speaking to provide emphasis and enhance persuasiveness. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: Commonly used. In WSD, gestures are also used to manage POIs. For example, if you are offered a POI, you may simply wave them …
General Definition: A three-minute questioning period after the third (summary) speeches when all four debaters take turns asking each other questions. Traditionally, the team that spoke first may ask the first question. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate:Not used in WSD, where “Points of Information” are offered instead. …
General Definition: A method of evaluating an argument by considering what might happen in an imagined scenario. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary: see general definition. Canadian National Debate Format:see general definition.
General Definition: An offensive refutation strategy that reverses the value of an impact, arguing that bad impacts are actually good or that good impacts are actually bad. Debaters arguing an impact turn should never argue a “Link Turn” at the same time (see “Double Turn“). Public Forum: see general definition. …
General Definition: Any means of comparing impacts in a debate. See also “Weighing Mechanism“ Public Forum:In PF, students may explicitly or implicitly state their comparative weighing, including aspects of magnitude/scope, probability/likelihood, and timeframe. PF may use “Framework” arguments to prioritize certain impacts over others, although debates typically default to a …
General Definition: The final result of a cause and effect relationship that explains why the argument has meaning or value. A good impact answers the question, “Why does this argument matter?” See also “Impact Weighing“. Public Forum: see general definition. World Schools Debate: see general definition. British Parliamentary:see general definition. …
General Definition: The reason a problem exists, also understood as the issue creating a problem or preventing us from solving a problem in the status quo. For example, if the federal government passed a discriminatory law, then that law would be the inherent barrier to a just society. Public Forum: …